The second phase of a joint artificial reef project between the Ministry of Regional Municipalities and Environment (MRME) and PDO was launched during 1998. Phase 1 of the project consisted of the deployment of three modules of scrap tyres and concrete pipes during 1997. Evaluation of the phase 1 project concluded that although tyres form an attractive habitat for fish, they are not suitable for long-term reef development because of their relative instability. The second phase is based on the "Reefball" concept, which claims to use the most advanced technology in artificial reef development. Reefballs are chemically adjusted concrete structures designed to create stable artificial reef modules which form an attractive habitat for fish and a foundation for coral growth.